Frequently Asked Questions
Seeking the Truth? Start Here
This FAQ examines the major questions about God, Jesus Christ, the Catholic Church, Vatican II and the present crisis in the Church.
It begins with the foundations — whether God exists, whether Christianity is true and what Church Christ established — before examining Catholic doctrine, the Mass and Sacraments, the papacy, Vatican II, the post-conciliar changes and the arguments surrounding sedevacantism.
The answers draw principally upon Sacred Scripture, the Fathers and Doctors of the Church, Ecumenical Councils, traditional papal teaching, Catholic catechisms, Canon Law and approved theologians and canonists.
You do not need to start at the beginning. Choose the subject that brought you here.
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Where Should I Start?
New to Christianity?
Start with Part 0 — God, Man, Jesus Christ and Salvation
Christian but not Catholic?
Start with Part 1 — Which Church Did Christ Establish?
Want to understand traditional Catholic belief and worship?
Start with Parts 1–3
Confused about Vatican II and what changed?
Start with Part 4 — The Road to Vatican II
Investigating the present crisis or sedevacantism?
Start with Parts 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8
Already convinced there is a serious crisis and wondering what to do?
Start with Part 10 — What Should a Catholic Do Now?
Explore the FAQ
Part 0 — God, Man, Jesus Christ and Salvation
God, creation, the human soul, suffering, Jesus Christ, the Resurrection, Redemption and salvation.
Part 1 — Which Church Did Christ Establish?
The Catholic Church, the Four Marks, Scripture and Tradition, the Magisterium, doctrine, Church membership and salvation.
Part 2 — The Mass, Sacraments and Catholic Worship
The Mass, Eucharist, Confession, Mary, the saints, sacramentals, Purgatory and justification.
Part 3 — The Papacy, Heresy, Apostasy and Schism
The papacy, infallibility, heresy, Church membership and the relationship between heresy and ecclesiastical office.
Part 4 — The Road to Vatican II
Pre-Vatican II Catholicism, Modernism, Nouvelle Théologie, liturgical and ecumenical movements, and the people and ideas that shaped the Council.
Part 5 — What Did Vatican II Actually Teach?
The Church, religious liberty, ecumenism, other religions, collegiality, apostolic succession, Social Kingship and the question of continuity with previous Catholic teaching.
Part 6 — The Post-Conciliar Revolution
Changes to the Mass, Sacraments, Holy Orders, Canon Law, Catholic worship, religious life, belief and practice.
Part 7 — The Post-Vatican II Papal Claimants and the Crisis of Authority
The post-conciliar papal claimants and the theological problem of authority, heresy and the papal office.
Part 8 — Sedevacantism and the Traditionalist Responses
Sedevacantism, SSPX, Recognize-and-Resist, FSSP, traditional bishops, jurisdiction, una cum and the major objections to the sedevacantist position.
Part 9 — Prophecy, Apostasy and Anti-Catholic Objections
The Great Apostasy, Antichrist, prophecy, Fatima and common historical objections to Catholicism.
Part 10 — What Should a Catholic Do Now?
Practical guidance concerning Mass, Sacraments, traditional clergy, family life, spiritual life and remaining Catholic during the present crisis.
How We Approach These Questions
Throughout the FAQ, we distinguish between Catholic doctrine, theological opinion, historical fact and speculation.
Primary sources are provided wherever possible so that you can examine the evidence for yourself.
The purpose of the FAQ is ultimately very simple:
To discover what Christ taught, what His Church has always taught, and what that means for us today.
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PART 00 — GOD, MAN, JESUS CHRIST AND SALVATION
- Sep 13, 2026 Part 0 - Intro: God, Man, Jesus Christ & Salvation
- Sep 13, 2026 Does God Exist? The Catholic Case for Knowing God by Reason
- Sep 12, 2026 Can We Know What God Is Like?
- Sep 11, 2026 Are Human Beings More Than Matter? The Catholic Teaching on the Spiritual and Immortal Soul
- Sep 11, 2026 If God Exists, Why Is There Evil and Suffering?
- Sep 10, 2026 If God Exists, Why Does He Seem Hidden?
- Sep 10, 2026 What Is the Purpose of Human Life?
- Sep 9, 2026 Has God Revealed Himself to Mankind?
- Sep 7, 2026 Why Christianity Rather Than Another Religion?
- Sep 7, 2026 Did Jesus Christ Really Exist? The Historical Evidence for Jesus of Nazareth
- Sep 6, 2026 Are the Gospels Historically Reliable?
- Sep 5, 2026 Does Archaeology Confirm the Bible? The Strongest Archaeological Evidence for Biblical History
- Sep 5, 2026 Who Did Jesus Christ Claim to Be?
- Sep 4, 2026 Did Jesus Christ Really Perform Miracles? Historical Evidence for the Miracles of Jesus
- Sep 3, 2026 Did Jesus Christ Really Rise from the Dead?
- Sep 2, 2026 Is Jesus Christ Truly God? The Biblical and Catholic Evidence
- Sep 2, 2026 What Went Wrong with Mankind, and Why Do We Need Salvation?
- Sep 1, 2026 Why Believe the Bible Is the Word of God?
- Sep 1, 2026 Why Did God Become Man? The Catholic Meaning of the Incarnation
- Sep 1, 2026 Why Did Jesus Christ Have to Suffer and Die?
- Sep 1, 2026 What Must I Do to Be Saved? The Catholic Answer to Sin, Grace, Faith, Baptism, and Eternal Life
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PART 01 — WHICH CHURCH DID CHRIST ESTABLISH?
- Aug 31, 2026 Part 1 - Intro: Which Church Did Christ Establish?
- Aug 31, 2026 Did Christ establish a Church?
- Aug 29, 2026 What Is the Catholic Church? The Visible, Supernatural Society Founded by Jesus Christ
- Aug 27, 2026 Why Did Jesus Christ Found One Church?
- Aug 26, 2026 How Can We Identify the Church Founded by Jesus Christ?
- Aug 25, 2026 What Are the Four Marks of the Catholic Church — One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic?
- Aug 25, 2026 Why Must the True Church Be Visible?
- Aug 24, 2026 Did Christ Intend Christians to Belong to One Visible Church?
- Aug 22, 2026 Are All Christian Denominations Part of the Church of Christ?
- Aug 21, 2026 Why Do So Many People Reject Catholicism Before Examining It?
- Aug 21, 2026 Why Catholicism Rather Than Protestantism?
- Aug 21, 2026 Why Catholicism Rather Than Eastern Orthodoxy?
- Aug 20, 2026 Was the Catholic Church Invented by Emperor Constantine in the Fourth Century?
- Aug 20, 2026 Is the Papacy a Medieval Invention?
- Aug 20, 2026 What About the Crusades and the Inquisition?
- Aug 19, 2026 What Is Apostolic Succession, and Why Does It Matter?
- Aug 19, 2026 What Authority Did Christ Give to His Church?
- Aug 18, 2026 Why Isn't the Bible Alone Sufficient as the Rule of Faith?
- Aug 17, 2026 What Are Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition? The Two Modes by Which Divine Revelation Is Transmitted
- Aug 15, 2026 How Do We Know Which Books Belong in the Bible?
- Aug 14, 2026 What Is the Magisterium?
- Aug 13, 2026 Can the Catholic Church Teach Error in Faith and Morals?
- Aug 12, 2026 What Is the Difference Between Dogma, Doctrine, Discipline and Theological Opinion?
- Aug 11, 2026 Can Catholic Doctrine Change or Develop?
- Aug 10, 2026 What Are the Essential Beliefs of the Catholic Faith?
- Aug 9, 2026 What Does It Mean to Be a Member of the Catholic Church?
- Aug 9, 2026 What Does “Outside the Church There Is No Salvation” Mean?
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PART 02 — THE MASS, SACRAMENTS AND CATHOLIC WORSHIP
- Aug 8, 2026 Part 2 - Intro: The Mass, Sacraments & Catholic Worship?
- Aug 8, 2026 What are the Seven Sacraments?
- Aug 6, 2026 What Is the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, and Why Is It the Highest Act of Catholic Worship?
- Aug 5, 2026 How Is the Mass Connected to the Worship of Heaven?
- Aug 4, 2026 Why Is the Eucharist at the Centre of Catholic Life?
- Aug 4, 2026 Why Do Catholics Confess Their Sins to a Priest?
- Aug 3, 2026 Why Do Catholics Honour the Blessed Virgin Mary?
- Aug 2, 2026 Why Do Catholics Pray to the Saints?
- Aug 1, 2026 Why Do Catholics Use Statues, Relics, Medals and Sacramentals?
- Jul 30, 2026 What Are Purgatory and Indulgences?
- Jul 29, 2026 Does the Catholic Church Teach Salvation by Works?
- Jul 29, 2026 Did the Catholic Church Add Books to the Bible?
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PART 03 — THE PAPACY, HERESY, APOSTASY AND SCHISM
- Jul 28, 2026 Part 3 - Intro: The Papacy, Heresy, Apostasy and Schism
- Jul 27, 2026 Why Did Christ Establish the Papacy?
- Jul 26, 2026 What Are Papal Primacy and Papal Infallibility?
- Jul 25, 2026 Have There Been Wicked or Corrupt Popes Before?
- Jul 25, 2026 What Is Heresy?
- Jul 24, 2026 What Is Apostasy — and Are We Living Through the Great Apostasy?
- Jul 22, 2026 What Is Schism?
- Jul 21, 2026 What Are Material Heresy, Formal Heresy and Pertinacity?
- Jul 20, 2026 What Is Excommunication, and Can It Occur Automatically?
- Jul 20, 2026 Does Public Heresy Separate a Person From the Church and Prevent Him From Holding Ecclesiastical Office?
- Jul 19, 2026 Can Catholics Recognize a Man as Pope While Habitually Resisting His Teaching, Laws and Worship?
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PART 04 — THE ROAD TO VATICAN II
- Jul 18, 2026 Part 4 - Intro: The Road to Vatican II
- Jul 17, 2026 What Did Catholicism Teach Before Vatican II?
- Jul 17, 2026 What Was Modernism, and Why Did the Church Condemn It?
- Jul 15, 2026 What Was the Nouvelle Théologie — and Why Does It Matter for Understanding Vatican II?
- Jul 15, 2026 How Did the Liturgical Movement Prepare the Way for the Post-Vatican II Liturgical Revolution?
- Jul 14, 2026 Were There Attempts to Infiltrate or Weaken the Church Before Vatican II?
- Jul 13, 2026 Who Recognised the Dangers of Vatican II and Tried to Resist or Correct Them?
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PART 05 — WHAT DID VATICAN II ACTUALLY TEACH?
- Jul 11, 2026 Part 5 - Intro: What Did Vatican II Actually Teach?
- Jul 11, 2026 Was Vatican II a Dogmatic or Pastoral Council?
- Jul 11, 2026 What Did Vatican II Change About the Nature of the Church?
- Jul 9, 2026 Did Vatican II Change Catholic Teaching on Episcopal Collegiality and the Government of the Church?
- Jul 8, 2026 What Are Episcopal Conferences and Synodality, and How Do They Compare With Traditional Catholic Governance?
- Jul 7, 2026 Did Vatican II Change the Catholic Understanding of Apostolic Succession?
- Jul 7, 2026 Did Vatican II Change Catholic Teaching on Religious Liberty?
- Jul 6, 2026 Did Vatican II Change Catholic Teaching on Christian Unity and Ecumenism?
- Jul 5, 2026 Did Vatican II Change Catholic Teaching About Non-Christian Religions and Salvation?
- Jul 3, 2026 Can Vatican II Be Reconciled With the Pre-Vatican II Magisterium?
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PART 06 - THE POST VATICAN II REVOLUTION
- Jun 12, 2026 Part 6 - Intro: The Post Vatican II Revolution
- Jun 10, 2026 What Would a Catholic Have Seen and Experienced Before and After Vatican II?
- Jun 10, 2026 How and Why Was the Traditional Roman Mass Replaced?
- Jun 9, 2026 What Are the Main Differences Between the Traditional Roman Mass and the Novus Ordo?
- Jun 7, 2026 Are Priestly Ordinations and Episcopal Consecrations According to the 1968 Rites Certainly Valid?
- Jun 6, 2026 How Did the 1983 Code and the New Catechism Embed Vatican II Into Catholic Life?
- Jun 5, 2026 Did Protestant Pentecostal and Charismatic Influences Enter Post-Conciliar Catholic Life?
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PART 07 — THE PAPAL CRISIS AFTER VATICAN II
- May 12, 2026 Part 7 - Intro: The Papal Crisis After Vatican II
- May 11, 2026 How Should Catholics Evaluate the Post-Vatican II Papal Claimants?
- May 10, 2026 What Teachings and Public Acts of the Post-Vatican II Papal Claimants Are Relevant to the Crisis?
- May 8, 2026 What Do the Post-Conciliar Canonizations and Alleged Miracles Prove?
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PART 08 — SEDEVACANTISM AND TRADITIONALIST POSITIONS
- Apr 12, 2026 Part 8 - Intro: Sedevacantism & Traditionalist Positions
- Apr 10, 2026 What Is Sedevacantism and Does It Reject the Papacy?
- Apr 9, 2026 Why Do Sedevacantists Believe the Holy See Is Vacant?
- Apr 8, 2026 How Can the Catholic Church Continue Without a Reigning Pope?
- Apr 8, 2026 How Can Traditional Bishops and Priests Continue the Sacramental Life of the Church?
- Apr 7, 2026 What Are the Main Traditionalist Responses to Vatican II?
- Apr 5, 2026 Is Recognize-and-Resist Consistent With Traditional Catholic Ecclesiology?
- Apr 5, 2026 What Are the Strongest Objections to Sedevacantism?
- Apr 3, 2026 How Could the Papacy Eventually Be Restored?
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PART 09 — PROPHECY APOSTASY AND THE CRISIS
- Mar 12, 2026 Part 9 - Intro: Prophecy, Apostasy and the Crisis
- Mar 11, 2026 Did Scripture Foretell a Great Apostasy or Crisis in Religion?
- Mar 10, 2026 Do Fatima and Other Approved Private Revelations Shed Light on the Present Crisis?
- Mar 9, 2026 Why Did So Much Change After Vatican II—and So Quickly?
- Feb 10, 2026 If I Conclude That Vatican II Contradicts Catholic Tradition, What Should I Do?
- Feb 9, 2026 How Can I Find a Faithful Traditional Priest and Determine Whether His Orders Are Valid?
- Feb 6, 2026 Are My Baptism, Confirmation and Marriage Valid?
- Feb 5, 2026 What Should I Do If I Cannot Reach a Traditional Priest for Mass or Confession?
- PART 10 — WHAT SHOULD CATHOLICS DO
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PART 11 — COMMON OBJECTIONS TO CATHOLICISM
- Jan 12, 2026 Part 11 - Intro: Common Objections to Catholicism