3.3. Why do many Catholics consider Vatican II to be problematic or even heretical?

Vatican II introduced doctrines previously condemned by the Church, such as:

  • Religious liberty (Dignitatis Humanae),

  • Collegiality (Lumen Gentium),

  • Ecumenism (Unitatis Redintegratio),

  • Salvation outside the Church (Lumen Gentium, Gaudium et Spes),

  • And the idea that the Church of Christ “subsists in” the Catholic Church (Lumen Gentium §8), rather than being the Catholic Church.

These teachings contradict prior dogmatic definitions and promote religious indifferentism, ecclesiological confusion, and a false understanding of the Church’s mission and identity.

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3.2. What is Vatican II? Who called it, and why?

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3.4. What doctrines did Vatican II teach that were already condemned?