2.9. How can the Vatican II “popes” be formal heretics? I thought no one can judge a pope?

The maxim “the First See is judged by no one” (Canon 1556) applies only to a man who truly holds the office of pope. But a public heretic is not a member of the Church, and therefore cannot be pope, since one cannot hold an office in a body to which he does not belong.

St. Robert Bellarmine, Doctor of the Church, teaches:

A manifest heretic is automatically deposed. For since he is outside the Church, he can neither possess nor retain any jurisdiction.
— St. Robert Bellarmine, De Romano Pontifice, II.30

No juridical trial is required. The heretic separates himself from the Church by divine law. Catholics are not “judging a pope” but recognizing a fact: that the man who teaches public, obstinate heresy has never truly been pope.

This judgment is not private opinion, but based on:

  • Public acts and teachings,

  • Objective criteria from theology and canon law,

  • The constant teaching of the Church on heresy and loss of office.

Further reading:

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2.8. Why is this important for understanding Vatican II and the post-conciliar “popes”?

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2.10. If the Vatican II “popes” are formal heretics, what does that make them? Just bad popes?